豫陕鄂交界区县域综合发展水平测度及障碍因子分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李许红  王永生  刘释疑 《地理科学》2022,42(10):1757-1766

以豫陕鄂交界区为研究对象,测度2000—2017年豫陕鄂交界区县域的综合发展水平,探析其空间分异特征、演化趋势和障碍因素。结果表明：① 2000—2017年,豫陕鄂交界区县域综合发展水平逐步提升,年均增速为6.08%,县域间发展的空间差异逐渐增大;② 县域综合发展水平在空间上呈正相关性,热点显著区呈现由东南部向西南部再向东南部迁移变化特征,冷点显著区在2005年前主要分布在安康市和商洛市,之后主要聚集在南阳市;③ 人文和经济要素为中度和中高障碍水平,资源和环境要素为极低和低障碍水平;随着时间的推移,障碍因子在不同县域空间阻力的分异特征更加显著。④ 豫陕鄂交界区县域发展空间阻力模式可划分为3种类型,其中人文资源要素制约型是主要的空间阻力模式。最后,基于不同空间阻力模式特征解析,提出了分区发展策略。  相似文献   

“水-能源-粮食”视角下粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局的构建及优化     

毛源远  张正栋  董剑彬  杨阳  曹君  陈宋佳  匡腾飞 《热带地理》2022,42(2):328-338

从“水－能源－粮食”3个维度对粤港澳大湾区的生态系统服务进行评价,利用珞珈一号夜光数据修正生态阻力面,运用最小累积阻力模型构建并优化湾区的生态安全格局。结果表明：1）粤港澳大湾区生态源地总面积为9 626.1 km²,主要分布在研究区东部和西部的山地、丘陵地区,对应位于江门市、惠州市中部和肇庆市;2）生态廊道共计38条,总长度为2 023.09 km,其中最短为11.76 km,最长为304.99 km,集中于植被覆盖较好的山地丘陵地区,中部无廊道分布;3）生态源地辐射区面积为28 929.5 km²,达到湾区总面积的51.88%,若要实现60%的覆盖率,则需要至少新增生态源地辐射面积4 524.856 km²;4）为了更好地优化粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局,提出在惠州市北部和南部新增两处生态源地辐射区,并构建以“一带、一轴、四组团”为核心的生态安全格局优化模式。  相似文献   

Flow resistance adjustments of channel and bars in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in response to the operation of the Three Gorges Dam     

Hu  Yong  Deng  Jinyun  Li  Yitian  Liu  Congcong  He  Zican 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(10):2013-2035

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Since the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) was put into operation, the flood water level at an identical discharge rate has not displayed a decreasing trend along the...  相似文献   

两种混养方式对异枝江蓠(Gracilaria bailinae)生长性能、表面附生细菌群落及抗生素抗性基因的影响          下载免费PDF全文

李雯  张明清  赖星星  张翠萍  覃伟健  杨金霖  朱雅婷  舒琥 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(1):235-246

为揭示"鱼-藻"和"鱼-虾-藻"混养对异枝江蓠(Gracilaria bailinae)生长性能、表面附生细菌群落和抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的影响,阐明异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落与生长性能、ARGs之间的关系,利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术和Real-time qPCR技术分析了异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落和ARGs的组成与差异,冗余分析(RDA)探讨细菌群落与生长性能、ARGs之间的关联。结果表明:(1)"鱼-虾-藻"混养会促进异枝江蓠的生长性能,增加表面附生细菌群落的多样性。(2)异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落主要属于变形菌门、蓝藻门、浮霉菌门和拟杆菌门,不同混养方式中优势菌属组成不同,"鱼-虾-藻"混养优势菌属多样性较高。(3)"鱼-虾-藻"混养的异枝江蓠ARGs/MGEs的相对丰度大多高于"鱼-藻"混养。(4)RDA分析表明,生长性能主要与Ralstonia、Blastopirellula等显著相关,ARGs/MGEs主要与Nitrosomonas、Alteromonas、Pleurocapsa;CC-7319等显著相关。"鱼-虾-藻"混养能够增强异枝江蓠的生长性能,提高异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落的多样性。但"鱼-虾-藻"混养能够增加异枝江蓠ARGs/MGEs的相对丰度,存在一定的生态风险。因此,在注重经济效益的同时也要关注可能存在的对人类健康的危害。研究结果将有助于海水养殖环境的优化,为大型海藻在海水养殖业中的应用与推广提供理论基础。  相似文献   

基于全基因组重测序技术的浙江近岸海域耐盐金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)耐药机制解析<     

张旨轩  王子言  王泽  刘岩  刘松怡  钱鹏宇  叶欢  韩姣姣  周君  苏秀榕 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(2):394-404

金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)是近岸海域海水中的主要病原菌,严重威胁接触者的安全。抗生素处理是治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染的重要手段,其耐药性的发生受到了高度重视。采用全基因组重测序与KEGG富集分析结合的方法,对红霉素(erythromycin)、氯霉素(chloramphenicol)和万古霉素(vancomycin)处理后的耐盐金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus ZS01)和不耐盐金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus 502A)进行耐药机制研究。结果表明,S.aureus 502A经抗生素处理后发生突变的程度大于S.aureus ZS01,二者在经过氯霉素处理发生了更大程度的突变。红霉素、氯霉素和万古霉素处理主要影响了金黄色葡萄球菌的致病能力;红霉素和氯霉素可能通过影响金黄色葡萄球菌脂类的代谢引起其耐药性的变化。除此之外,三种抗生素处理均出现了较多TIGR01741家族蛋白和假设蛋白基因的突变,推测与菌株的耐药性和致病性相关。耐盐金黄色葡萄球菌可通过外排系统作用产生红霉素耐药性,不耐盐菌株因细胞壁成分相关基因的突变提高了对万古霉素的耐受性。研究结果可为耐盐和不耐盐金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药机制及抗生素对金黄色葡萄球菌致病性影响的研究提供基础数据。  相似文献   

高黎贡山羚牛生境适宜性评价及廊道建设     

冯鸿能  杨德宏  饶定齐  魏旋 《测绘通报》2023,(1):134-140

以高黎贡山羚牛为研究对象,选取了植被类型、植被覆盖度、海拔、坡度、水源、土地覆被、主要道路、居民点8个影响因子,基于GIS技术,构建阻力面,从而探测多因子影响作用下高黎贡山羚牛适宜生境。结果表明：区域内羚牛的适宜生境面积整体占比较少,适宜区域主要分布在研究区的中西部及西南地区,在北部区域也有零散分布。羚牛的迁徙受到人类活动的干扰及道路阻隔的影响,其生境遭到一定程度的破坏。结合现有羚牛栖息地分布及最小阻力模型,建立区域内羚牛的生态廊道,结果显示：廊道主要分布于高黎贡山保护区南段、马边瓦底中段、子巴、俄恰沙迪、马士打亚窟、其期北段、四克洛娃俎及木当一带。  相似文献   

Variations in spring leaf phenology and leaf freezing damage of common woody species in China北大核心CSCD     

陶泽兴  戴君虎 《地理科学进展》2023,(4):766-781

Freezing damage results in the dehydration of plant cells and reduces the photosynthetic capacity of plants, which causes significant losses to ecology and economy. Over the past 40 years, global warming has reduced the frequency and intensity of frost events while bringing forward the spring phenology of plants, increasing the exposure of their leaves and flowers to harsh cold temperatures. Therefore, the dual effects of climate warming should be considered in order to accurately assess the changes of plant freezing damage. To date, there is no systematic analysis of plant freezing damage in different climatic regions of China. Based on phenological observation records from the China Phenological Observation Network, leaf frost damage of four common woody plants (Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix babylonica, Fraxinus chinensis) in the spring over the past 40 years was calculated, and the spatio-temporal patterns were analyzed. We also investigated the change in the occurrence time of maximum frost damage (TMFD) and its relationship with plant phenology. The results show that: 1) Most species presented an overall trend towards an earlier leaf unfolding date, and the advancing trend was significant and greater than 1 d/a in about 60% of the regions (P<0.05). 2) The TMFD occurred earlier in 72.22%-83.03% of the regions, which was closely related to plants' earlier leaf unfolding date. The TMFD of all species advanced the most (8.3 days) in the temperate climate zone, followed by the warm temperate, subtropical, plateau, and cold temperate zones. 3) The leaves of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica suffered more freezing damage in the spring, and the most significant freezing damage was mainly found in the north of 50°N region and part of the west of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison, the leaves of F. chinensis suffered less frost damage due to later leaf unfolding date and stronger leaf frost resistance. With regard to interannual variations, the average freezing damage of U. pumila, R. pseudoacacia and S. babylonica increased significantly (P<0.05), but that of F. chinensis did not change obviously. In addition, the freezing damage of U. pumila and S. babylonica increased the most in the cold temperate zone, while that of R. pseudoacacia increased in about 10% of the regions in the plateau climate zone, and 3%-6% of the regions in the cold temperate, temperate, and warm temperate climate zones. The freezing damage of F. chinensis merely increased in the warm temperate zone. The results of this study can provide a reference for assessing the risk of plant freezing damage accurately and help develop regional-specific response and adaptation strategies to climate change. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

A simple parameterization of bulk canopy resistance from climatic variables for estimating hourly evapotranspiration     

P. J. Perez  S. Lecina  F. Castellvi  A. Martínez‐Cob  F. J. Villalobos 《水文研究》2006,20(3):515-532

This paper examines a model for estimating canopy resistance r_c and reference evapotranspiration ET_o on an hourly basis. The experimental data refer to grass at two sites in Spain with semiarid and windy conditions in a typical Mediterranean climate. Measured hourly ET_o values were obtained over grass during a 4 year period between 1997 and 2000 using a weighing lysimeter (Zaragoza, northeastern Spain) and an eddy covariance system (Córdoba, southern Spain). The present model is based on the Penman–Monteith (PM) approach, but incorporates a variable canopy resistance r_c as an empirical function of the square root of a climatic resistance r* that depends on climatic variables. Values for the variable r_c were also computed according to two other approaches: with the r_c variable as a straight‐line function of r* (Katerji and Perrier, 1983, Agronomie 3 (6): 513–521) and as a mechanistic function of weather variables as proposed by Todorovic (1999, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE 125 (5): 235–245). In the proposed model, the results show that r_c/r_a (where r_a is the aerodynamic resistance) presents a dependence on the square root of r*/r_a, as the best approach with empirically derived global parameters. When estimating hourly ET_o values, we compared the performance of the PM equation using those estimated variable r_c values with the PM equation as proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization, with a constant r_c = 70 s m^?1. The results confirmed the relative robustness of the PM method with constant r_c, but also revealed a tendency to underestimate the measured values when ET_o is high. Under the semiarid conditions of the two experimental sites, slightly better estimates of ET_o were obtained when an estimated variable r_c was used. Although the improvement was limited, the best estimates were provided by the Todorovic and the proposed methods. The proposed approach for r_c as a function of the square root of r* may be considered as an alternative for modelling r_c, since the results suggest that the global coefficients of this locally calibrated relationship might be generalized to other climatic regions. It may also be useful to incorporate the effects of variable canopy resistances into other climatic and hydrological models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Estimating evapotranspiration for a temperate salt marsh,Newcastle, Australia     

C. E. Hughes  J. D. Kalma  P. Binning  G. R. Willgoose  M. Vertzonis 《水文研究》2001,15(6):957-975

Evapotranspiration was studied at a salt marsh site in the Hunter River estuary, NSW, Australia, during 1996–8. Estimates of actual evapotranspiration (E_a) were obtained for three sites using the eddy correlation method. These values were compared with results obtained with the Penman and Penman–Monteith equations, and with pan evaporation. The Penman–Monteith method was found to be most reliable in estimating daily and hourly evapotranspiration. Surface resistance values averaging 12 s m^?1 were derived from the eddy correlation estimates. Recent tidal flooding and rainfall were found to decrease surface resistance and increase E_a/E_p ratios. Estimates of evapotranspiration obtained using the Penman–Monteith method were shown to be sensitive to changes in surface resistance, canopy height and the method used to estimate net radiation from incoming solar radiation. These results underline the importance of accurately estimating such parameters based on site‐specific data rather than relying on empirical equations, which are derived primarily for crops and forests. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The canopy conductance of a boreal aspen forest,Prince Albert National Park,Canada     

P. D. Blanken  T. A. Black 《水文研究》2004,18(9):1561-1578

Annual fluxes of canopy‐level heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide were measured using eddy covariance both above the aspen overstory (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and hazelnut understory (Corylus cornuta Marsh.) of a boreal aspen forest (53·629 °N 106·200 °W). Partitioning of the fluxes between overstory and understory components allowed the calculation of canopy conductance to water vapour for both species. On a seasonal basis, the canopy conductance of the aspen accounted for 70% of the surface conductance, with the latter a strong function of the forest's leaf area index. On a half‐hour basis, the canopy conductance of both species decreased non‐linearly as the leaf‐surface saturation deficits increased, and was best parameterized and showed similar sensitivities to a modified form of the Ball–Berry–Woodrow index, where relative humidity was replaced with the reciprocal of the saturation deficit. The negative feedback between the forest evaporation and the saturation deficit in the convective boundary layer varied from weak when the forest was at full leaf to strong when the forest was developing or loosing leaves. The coupling between the air at the leaf surface and the convective boundary layer also varied seasonally, with coupling decreasing with increasing leaf area. Compared with coniferous boreal forests, the seasonal changes in leaf area had a unique impact on vegetation–atmosphere interactions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献